Technical Tables

Technical reference tables compiled by the Erk-Han engineering team: polymer compatibility, lightfastness and migration fastness, plus plastic degradation types and solutions. Values are typical industrial references; contact our laboratory for exact project compatibility.

Erk-Han teknik tablolar — polimer test ve analiz

Polymer Compatibility Matrix

Full compatibility (90%+)Mechanical/thermal fitLimited compatibilityIncompatible — barrier needed

	PE	PP	PS	ABS	PA6	PC	PET	PMMA	POM	PVC	TPU	PLA
PE	●	2									1
PP	2	●							1		1
PS			●	2		1		2		1
ABS			2	●	1	3	1	2		2	2
PA6				1	●	1	1				2
PC			1	3	1	●	2	1			2	1
PET				1	1	2	●	1			1	2
PMMA			2	2		1	1	●		2	1	1
POM		1							●		1
PVC			1	2				2		●	2
TPU	1	1		2	2	2	1	1	1	2	●	1
PLA						1	2	1			1	●

Polymer Technical Properties

Polymer	Structure	Tm (°C)	Tg (°C)	Density (g/cm³)
PE	Semi-crystalline	110–135	−110	0.92–0.96
PP	Semi-crystalline	160–170	−10	0.90–0.91
PS	Amorphous	—	90–100	1.04–1.06
ABS	Amorphous	—	105	1.04–1.07
PA6	Semi-crystalline	215–225	50	1.13–1.15
PC	Amorphous	—	145–150	1.20–1.22
PET	Semi-crystalline	250–260	70–80	1.38–1.40
PMMA	Amorphous	—	100–105	1.17–1.20
POM	Semi-crystalline	165–175	−60	1.41–1.42
PVC	Amorphous	—	80	1.30–1.45
TPU	Semi-crystalline	160–200	−40	1.10–1.25
PLA	Semi-crystalline	150–160	55–60	1.24–1.25

Polymer Processing Temperatures (Reference)

Polymer	Melt Temp. (°C)	Mould Temp. (°C)
PP	200–280	30–80
HDPE	210–270	20–60
LDPE	180–240	20–60
PVC-U	160–210	20–60
ABS	190–270	40–80
PC	280–320	85–120
PET	260–280	20–30
PA6	230–290	40–90
PA66	270–300	40–90
PS	170–280	30–60
PMMA	220–250	50–80
POM	180–210	50–120
TPU	190–230	20–40

Values are typical injection-process references; always base final settings on your raw material supplier's (Erk-Han) Technical Data Sheet (TDS).

Lightfastness (Blue Wool Scale 1–8)

Pigment / Class	Colour Index	BWS (1–8)	Use
Titanium Dioxide (White)	PW6	8	Indoor + Outdoor
Carbon Black	PBk7	8	Indoor + Outdoor
Iron Oxide (Yellow/Red/Brown)	PY42 / PR101	7–8	Indoor + Outdoor
Phthalocyanine Blue/Green	PB15 / PG7	7–8	Indoor + Outdoor
Ultramarine Blue	PB29	6–7	Indoor + Outdoor
Quinacridone Red/Violet	PR122 / PV19	7–8	Indoor + Outdoor
DPP Red/Orange	PR254 / PO73	7–8	Indoor + Outdoor
Isoindolinone Yellow	PY110	7–8	Indoor + Outdoor
Diarylide Yellow	PY83	3–4	Indoor only
Naphthol Red	PR170	4–5	Indoor only

Migration Fastness (Grey Scale 1–5, DIN 53775)

Medium / Polymer	Grade	Migration Risk
Rigid PVC	4–5	Low
Flexible PVC (plasticised)	2–3	High
Polyolefins (PE/PP)	4–5	Low
Styrenics (PS/ABS)	3–4	Medium
EVA / TPU (flexible)	2–3	High
Engineering plastics (PA/PC/PET)	4–5	Low

Pigment Heat Stability and Chemical Class (by Color Index)

Color Index (C.I.)	Chemical Structure	Class	Heat Stability (°C)	Typical Color/Use
PW6	Titanium Dioxide	Inorganic	300+	White / opacifier
PBk7	Carbon Black	Inorganic	300+	Black / UV
PB15:1/:3	Copper Phthalocyanine	Organic	280–300	Blue
PG7	Phthalocyanine Green	Organic	280–300	Green
PR122	Quinacridone	Organic	280–290	Magenta / Violet
PV23	Dioxazine	Organic	260–280	Violet
PY110	Isoindolinone	Organic	280–300	Yellow
PY83	Diarylide	Organic	200–230	Yellow (economical)
PR254	DPP	Organic	290–300	Red
PO34	Diarylide Orange	Organic	200–230	Orange
PR101	Iron Oxide Red	Inorganic	300+	Red-Brown
PY42	Iron Oxide Yellow	Inorganic	180–200	Yellow-Earth

Heat-stability values show typical upper limits for a 5-minute residence time. Erk-Han provides technical support in selecting heat-resistant pigments suited to your process.

International Pigment Color Index (C.I.) & Standard Code Reference ERK-HAN

World-standard Color Index (C.I.) name, CAS number, C.I. constitution number and key performance values. Values are typical industrial references; the specific product TDS prevails.

C.I. Name	C.I. No	CAS No	Chemical Structure	Class	Color	Heat (°C)	Light Fastness (BWS)
PW6	77891	13463-67-7	Titanium Dioxide (Rutile)	Inorganic	White	300+	7–8
PBk7	77266	1333-86-4	Carbon Black	Inorganic	Black	300+	7–8
PY180	21290	77804-81-0	Benzimidazolone	Organic	Yellow	280–300	7
PY110	56280	5590-18-1	Isoindolinone	Organic	Yellow	290–300	7–8
PY83	21108	5567-15-7	Diarylide (HR)	Organic	Yellow	200–230	4–5
PO34	21115	15793-73-4	Diarylide Orange	Organic	Orange	200–230	4–5
PO64	12760	72102-84-6	Benzimidazolone Orange	Organic	Orange	280–300	7
PR254	56110	84632-65-5	DPP (Diketopyrrolopyrrole)	Organic	Red	290–300	7–8
PR122	73915	980-26-7	Quinacridone	Organic	Magenta	280–290	7–8
PR101	77491	1309-37-1	Iron Oxide Red	Inorganic	Red-Brown	300+	7–8
PR170	12475	2786-76-7	Naphthol AS	Organic	Red	200–230	4–6
PBr25	12510	6992-11-6	Benzimidazolone Brown	Organic	Brown	260–280	7
PBr6	77491	52357-70-7	Iron Oxide Brown	Inorganic	Brown	300+	7–8
PV23	51319	6358-30-1	Dioxazine	Organic	Violet	260–280	7
PV19	73900	1047-16-1	Quinacridone Violet	Organic	Violet	280–290	7–8
PB15:1	74160	147-14-8	Copper Phthalocyanine (α)	Organic	Blue (reddish)	280–300	7–8
PB15:3	74160	147-14-8	Copper Phthalocyanine (β)	Organic	Blue (greenish)	280–300	7–8
PB29	77007	57455-37-5	Ultramarine	Inorganic	Blue	230–260	7–8
PG7	74260	1328-53-6	Phthalocyanine Green	Organic	Green (bluish)	280–300	7–8
PG36	74265	14302-13-7	Phthalocyanine Green (Br)	Organic	Green (yellowish)	280–300	7–8

Abbreviations: C.I. = Color Index; CAS = Chemical Abstracts Service; BWS = Blue Wool Scale (1–8). Heat resistance and fastness vary with concentration, matrix and shade depth.

Recommended Dosage / Let-Down Ratios (by Application)

Typical addition (let-down) rates for colour masterbatch. Final ratio depends on shade depth, opacity target and formulation.

Application / Process	Typical Dose (%)	Let-Down Ratio	Note
Thin film / blown film	1–3	1:33 – 1:100	Low migration, good dispersion required
Thick film / sheet	2–4	1:25 – 1:50	↑ for opacity
Injection (thick part)	1–4	1:25 – 1:100	Adjusted per colour
Injection (thin-wall)	2–5	1:20 – 1:50	High pigment load
Raffia / yarn / tape	1–3	1:33 – 1:100	Watch filter pressure
Pipe / profile (extrusion)	2–4	1:25 – 1:50	Outdoor → UV additive
Blow moulding (bottle/drum)	2–5	1:20 – 1:50	Opacity + gloss
White masterbatch (TiO₂)	3–8	1:12 – 1:33	Per opacity target
Black masterbatch (carbon)	1–3	1:33 – 1:100	High colour strength

Values are typical industrial references. For the correct dosage, consult the Erk-Han laboratory with a colour sample and TDS.

Opacity and Colour Strength (Relative Comparison)

TiO₂ (white) and carbon black are the opacity references; organic pigments offer high colour strength / transparency.

Pigment / Class	Colour Index	Opacity	Colour Strength	Character
Titanium Dioxide	PW6	Very High	High	Opaque white — reference
Carbon Black	PBk7	Very High	Very High	Opaque black + UV
Iron Oxide	PR101 / PY42	High	Medium	Opaque, economical
Phthalocyanine Blue/Green	PB15 / PG7	Medium	Very High	Strong, semi-transparent
Quinacridone	PR122 / PV19	Medium	High	Bright, transparent
DPP Red	PR254	Medium	High	Vivid, near-opaque
Diarylide Yellow	PY83	Low	High	Transparent, economical
Isoindolinone Yellow	PY110	Medium	High	Durable, semi-opaque

Opacity and colour strength vary with concentration, particle size and matrix; exact values require a colour-matching study.

Food Contact and Regulatory Compliance

Typical regulatory compliance by pigment class. Exact compliance is confirmed per product via Declaration of Conformity (DoC) and TDS.

Pigment / Class	C.I.	EU 10/2011 (Food Contact)	FDA 21 CFR	REACH	RoHS	EN 71-3 (Toys)
Titanium Dioxide	PW6	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
Carbon Black	PBk7	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
Phthalocyanine Blue	PB15:3	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
Phthalocyanine Green	PG7	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
Quinacridone	PR122 / PV19	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
DPP Red	PR254	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
Isoindolinone Yellow	PY110	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
Iron Oxide	PR101 / PY42	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
Diarylide Yellow/Orange	PY83 / PO34	Conditional	Conditional	✓	✓	Conditional
Ultramarine	PB29	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓

✓ Generally compliantConditional Application/limit dependent — confirmation required

Important: Compliance depends on migration limit, thickness, contact time/temperature and food type. All Erk-Han products conform to the relevant limits for heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr⁶⁺) and SVHC; a product-specific Declaration of Conformity (DoC) is available on request.

Which Pigment / Masterbatch for Which Application?

Recommended pigment and additive family by industry and application — a quick selection guide.

Industry / Application	Recommended Pigment	Additive / Masterbatch	Priority
Food Packaging	TiO₂, Phthalo, Iron Oxide	Food-safe + antimicrobial	Migration/compliance
Automotive (exterior)	DPP, Quinacridone, PBk7	High UV + heat stabiliser	Lightfastness
Agriculture (film/pipe)	PBk7, Iron Oxide, Phthalo	UV + antioxidant	Outdoor life
Cable	PBk7, TiO₂, Phthalo	Conductive / flame retardant	Thermal + UV
Construction / Building	Iron Oxide, TiO₂, Phthalo	UV + filler masterbatch	Durability
Textile / Yarn	DPP, Quinacridone, Phthalo	Fine-dispersion MB	Filter + fastness
White Goods	TiO₂, PBk7, Phthalo	High opacity + heat stab.	Surface + aesthetics
Toys	TiO₂, Phthalo, DPP, Iron Oxide	EN 71-3 compliant MB	Safety/compliance
Raffia / Big-Bag	PBk7, TiO₂, Phthalo	UV + filler	Strength + UV
Cosmetic Packaging	Quinacridone, DPP, Phthalo, PW6	Gloss + pearl/metallic	Aesthetics

This table is for quick guidance; for formulation, shade and process, the Erk-Han technical team provides product-based recommendations.

Degradation in Plastics and the Erk-Han Solution

☀️UV Degradation

SymptomsFading, cracking, chalking

Affected PolymersPE, PP, PVC — outdoor products

Erk-Han SolutionHigh-performance UV-stabilised masterbatch

🔥Thermal Degradation

SymptomsYellowing, loss of mechanical strength

Affected PolymersInjection parts, PC, PS

Erk-Han SolutionHeat-stabilised masterbatch with raised thermal resistance

🧪Chemical Degradation

SymptomsDissolving, swelling, cracking

Affected PolymersPipes, tanks, PVC, PP

Erk-Han SolutionSpecial masterbatch with chemical-barrier properties

🦠Biological Degradation

SymptomsStaining, odour, fungus

Affected PolymersFood packaging, medical products

Erk-Han SolutionAntimicrobial masterbatch

🌀Operational Issues (Warpage)

SymptomsDimensional warpage, shrinkage

Affected PolymersSemi-crystalline parts, PE, PP, PA

Erk-Han SolutionNucleated masterbatch with tuned crystallisation

🔎Optical Degradation

SymptomsHazing, loss of gloss

Affected PolymersTransparent packaging, PMMA, PC

Erk-Han SolutionClarifier masterbatch for improved clarity

Frequently Asked Questions and Solutions

A technical guide of 50 questions compiled from the field experience of the Erk-Han engineering team.

What is the purpose of the polymer compatibility matrix?

It shows the co-processability/miscibility of different polymers; it helps avoid incompatible pairs in blending and recycling.

Can PE and PP be recycled together?

They are of limited (partial) compatibility; without a compatibilizer their mechanical properties decrease, so the matrix assigns them a medium level of compatibility for this reason.

What happens if incompatible polymers are blended?

Phase separation, a weak interface, and low mechanical strength occur; a compatibilizer or separate processing is required.

What does the melting temperature (Tm) table show?

The temperature at which the crystalline regions of semi-crystalline polymers melt; it forms the basis for process settings and pigment heat resistance selection.

Why is the glass transition temperature (Tg) important in the table?

It is an indicator of amorphous behavior and pigment migration risk; the migration risk is high in polymers with low Tg.

Why must the polymer density be known?

For part weight, filler calculation, and cost; it is also critical in flotation/separation-based recycling.

What is the processing temperature table used for?

It provides the typical melt and mold temperature range for each polymer; it serves as a reference for initial settings.

Why are the table values only for reference?

They vary depending on grade and application; for the final settings, the TDS of your raw material supplier (Erk-Han) must always be taken as the basis.

What is the typical processing temperature of PP?

Melt approximately 200-280°C, mold 30-80°C; it is optimized according to the grade and part geometry.

Why does PC require a high processing temperature?

Due to its amorphous structure with high Tg; it is processed at a melt of 280-320°C and a mold around 85-120°C.